BALB/c mice, an albino, laboratory-bred strain, are extensively employed in scientific research due to their unique genetic characteristics. This strain exhibits a high degree of genetic homogeneity, resulting from consistent inbreeding. BALB/c mice have a remarkable predisposition towards producing a Th2-biased immune response, making them an ideal model for studies in allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer research. Furthermore, these mice display a heightened susceptibility to induced tumorigenesis and are often used in oncology studies. However, researchers should note that BALB/c mice exhibit resistance to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, which can impact metabolic and diabetes research outcomes. Thus, the genetic characteristics of BALB/c mice profoundly influence their utility in various scientific domains.
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The "Bagg albino" or BALB strain was established when H. Bagg obtained albino stock in 1913. Later, in 1923, it was inbred by MacDowell at Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. Snell, at F26, added the 'c' to designate the albino trait in 1932.
The BALB/cOlaHsd subline was established in 1955 after the strain was acquired by the Laboratory Animals Centre in Carshalton from the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, ME, USA. It then passed through several institutions, including the Clinical Research Centre in Harrow and Olac, before being acquired by Harlan. In 2015, Harlan became Envigo, and in 2021, Envigo was acquired by Inotiv.
The BALB/cAnNHsd subline was derived from a breeding nucleus obtained from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
The BALB/c mouse strain, first bred in the early 20th century, has a rich history as a preferred laboratory animal model in biomedical research. Characterized by their albinism, these mice have contributed significantly to numerous research areas, including immunology, oncology, infectious diseases, and behavioral studies. Their extensive use in research can be attributed to their high reproductive rate, ease of handling, and well-defined genetic profile. Over the past century, BALB/c mice have been pivotal in expanding our understanding of various critical biological processes and disease models, underpinning numerous advancements in medical research.
BALB/c mice have been instrumental in enabling breakthroughs in several fields of biomedical research. Serving as an ideal model organism, they are extensively used in immunological studies due to their unique immune response characteristics.
In cancer research, BALB/c mice have made notable contributions, particularly in the study of mammary tumors. The strain is known for spontaneous mammary tumors in aged mice, making them an invaluable model for understanding the mechanisms of tumor development and progression. In addition, BALB/c mice have been used in the testing and development of various therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Owing to their unique genetic profile, these mice offer significant insights into how different treatments interact with specific genetic constitutions, aiding in the personalization of cancer treatments. Furthermore, these rodent models facilitate the exploration of preventative strategies and the impact of lifestyle factors on cancer risk. Thus, BALB/c mice continue to be pivotal in driving forward the frontiers of cancer research.
Additionally, BALB/c mice are employed in infectious disease studies, owing to their susceptibility to pathogens such as Leishmania and Plasmodium.
BALB/c mice have proven to be a reliable model in neuroscience research, facilitating the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This mouse model has served as a proven background strain for the development of novel transgenic mouse strains, thereby providing valuable insights into disease pathology and the development of potential therapeutic strategies. For instance, the APP/PS1 BALB/c mouse model has been extensively used in Alzheimer's research to examine amyloid-beta plaque formation, a hallmark of the disease.
The BALB/c strain is also a valuable resource in aging research. With an average lifespan of 2-3 years, these mice provide an accelerated model of human aging, enabling researchers to investigate the biological and environmental factors that influence longevity. Studies involving BALB/c mice have contributed significantly to our understanding of the aging process, including the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere shortening.
In conclusion, the versatility and applicability of BALB/c mice in various research areas continue to pave the way for advancements in biomedical science, providing a deeper understanding of complex disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.