Phytoestrogen References

Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Williams JK. 1998. Effects of soy isoflavones on atherosclerosis: potential mechanisms.
Am J Clin Nutr 68:1390S-1393S.

Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Hughes, Jr. CL, Morgan TM, Burke GL. 1996. Soybean isoflavones improve cardiovascular risk factors without affecting the reproductive system of peripubertal Rhesus monkeys.
J Nutr 126:43-50.

Bian Z, Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA. 2001. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and coronary heart disease.
Trends Cardiovasc Med11:196-202.

Blair RM, Appt SE, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Clarkson TB, Anthony MS, Lamothe V, Potter SM. 2002. Dietary soy and soy isoflavones have gender-specific effects on plasma lipids and isoflavones in golden Syrian f1b hybrid hamsters.
J Nutr 132:3585-3591.

Carroll KK, Kurowska EM. 1995. Soy consumption and cholesterol reduction: review of animal and human studies.
J Nutr 125:594S-597S.

Cho TM, Peng N, Clark JT, Novak L, Roysommuti S, Prasain J, Wyss JM. 2007. Genistein attenuates the hypertensive effects of dietary NaCl in hypertensive male rats.
Endocrinology 148:5396-5402.

Clarkson TB. 2002. Soy, soy phytoestrogens and cardiovascular disease.
J Nutr 132:566S-569S.

Douglas G, Armitage JA, Taylor PD, Lawson JR, Mann GE, Poston L. 2006. Cardiovascular consequences of life-long exposure to dietary isoflavones in the rat.
J Physiol571:477-487.

Droke EA, Hager, KA, Lerner MR, Lightfoot SA, Stoecker BJ, Brackett DJ, Smith BJ. 2007. Soy isoflavones avert chronic inflammation-induced bone loss and vascular disease.
Journal of Inflamm 4:17

Kaspers SK, Kok L, Bots ML, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT. 2005. Dietary phytoestrogens and plasma lipids in Dutch postmenopausal women; a cross sectional study.
Atherosclerosis 178:95-100.

Lee CS, Kwon SJ, Na SY, Lim SP, Lee JH. 2004. Genistein supplementation inhibits atherosclerosis with stabilization of the lesions in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
J Korean Med Sci19:656-661.

Lichtenstein AH. 1998. Soy protein, isoflavones and cardiovascular disease risk.
J Nutr 128:1589-1592.

Nagarajan S, Burris RL, Stewart BW, Wilkerson JE, Badger TM. 2008. Dietary soy protein isolate ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice potentially by inhibiting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression.
J Nutr 138:332-337.

Potter SM, Pertile J, Berber-Jimenez MD. 1996.Soy protein concentrate and isolated soy protein similarly lower blood serum cholesterol but differently affect thyroid hormones in hamsters.
J Nutr 126:2007-2011.

Rivas M, Garay RP, Escanero JF, Cia P, Jr., Cia P. 2002. Soy milk lowers blood pressure in men and women with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
J Nutr 132:1900-1902.

Ronis MJ, Chen Y, Badeaux J, Badger TM. 2009. Dietary soy protein isolate attenuates metabolic syndrome in rats via effects on PPAR, LXR, and SREBP signaling.
J Nutr139:1431-1438.

Souzeau E, Belanger S, Picard S, Deschepper C F. 2005. Dietary isoflavones during pregnancy and lactation provide cardioprotection to offspring rats in adulthood.
Am J Physiol-Heart C 289:715-21.

Tovar AR, Murguia F, Cruz C, Hernandez-Pando R, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Pedraza-Chaverri, J, Correa-Rotter R, Torres N. 2002. A soy protein diet alters hepatic lipid metabolism gene expression and reduces serum lipids and renal fibrogenic cytokines in rats with chronic nephrotic syndrome.
J Nutr 132:2562-2569.

Anderson JJ, Garner SC. 1998. Phytoestrogens and bone.
Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 12: 543-557.

Arjmandi BH, Birnbaum R, Goyal NV, Getlinger MJ, Juma S, Alekel L, Hasler CM, Drum ML, Hollis BW, Kukreja SC. 1998. Bone-sparing effect of soy protein in ovarian hormone-deficient rats is related to its isoflavone content.
Am J Clin Nutr 68:1364S-1368S.

Arjmandi BH, Alekel L, Hollis BW, Amin D, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Guo P, Kukreja SC. 1996. Dietary soybean protein prevents bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis.
J Nutr126:161-167.

Coxam V. 2003. Prevention of osteopaenia by phyto-oestrogens: animal studies.
Br J Nutr 89 Suppl 1:S75-85.

Droke EA, Hager, KA, Lerner MR, Lightfoot SA, Stoecker BJ, Brackett DJ, Smith BJ. 2007. Soy isoflavones avert chronic inflammation-induced bone loss and vascular disease.
Journal of Inflamm 4:17

Fanti P, Monier-Faugere MC, Geng Z, Schmidt J, Morris PE, Cohen D, Malluche HH. 1998. The phytoestrogen genistein reduces bone loss in short-term ovariectomized rats.
Osteoporos Int 8:274-281.

Ishimi Y. 2010. Dietary equol and bone metabolism in postmenopausal Japanese women and osteoporotic mice.
J Nutr 140:1373S-1376S.

Ishimi Y, Yoshida M, Wakimoto S, Wu J, Chiba H, Wang X, Takeda K, Miyaura C. 2002. Genistein, a soybean isoflavone, affects bone marrow lymphopoiesis and prevents bone loss in castrated male mice.
Bone 31:180-185.

Ishimi Y, Arai N, Wang X, Wu J, Umegaki K, Miyaura C, Takeda A, Ikegami S. 2000. Difference in effective dosage of genistein on bone and uterus in ovariectomized mice.
Biochem Biophys Res Commu, 274:697-701.

Jefferson WN, Padilla-Banks E, Newbold RR. 2005. Adverse effects on female development and reproduction in CD-1 mice following neonatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein at environmentally relevant doses.
Biol Reprod73:798-806.

Kaludjerovic J, Ward WE. 2009. Neonatal exposure to daidzein, genistein, or the combination modulates bone development in female CD-1 mice.
J Nutr 139:467-473.

Khalil DA. 2002. Soy protein supplementation increases serum insulin-like growth factor-I in young and old men but does not affect markers of bone metabolism.
J. Nutr132:2605-2608.

Lee YB, Lee HJ, Kim KS, Lee JY, Nam SY, Cheon SH, Sohn HS. 2004. Evaluation of the preventive effect of isoflavone extract on bone loss in ovariectomized rats.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68:1040-1045.

Ohta A, Uehara M, Sakai K, Takasaki M, Adlercreutz H, Morohashi T,  Ishimi Y. 2002. A combination of dietary fructooligosaccharides and isoflavone conjugates increases femoral bone mineral density and equol production in ovariectomized mice.
J Nutr 132:2048-2054.

Picherit C, Horcajada MN, Mathey J, Chanteranne B, Puel C, Lebecque P, Davicco MJ, Coxam V, Barlet JP. 2003. Isoflavone consumption does not increase the bone mass in osteopenic obese female zucker rats.
Ann Nutr Metab 47:70-77.

Picherit C, Chanteranne B, Bennetau-Pelissero, C, Davicco, MJ, Lebecque, P, Barlet JP, Coxam V. 2001. Dose-dependent bone-sparing effects of dietary isoflavones in the ovariectomised rat.
Br J Nutr 85:307-316.

Picherit C, Coxam V, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Kati-Coulibaly S, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Barlet JP. 2000. Daidzein is more efficient than genistein in preventing ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats.J Nutr130:1675-1681.

Setchell KD, Lydeking-Olsen E. 2003. Dietary phytoestrogens and their effect on bone: evidence from in vitro and in vivo, human observational, and dietary intervention studies.
Am J Clin Nutr 78: 593S-609S.

Adlercreutz H, Mazur W, Bartels P, Elomaa V-V, Watanabe S, Wahala K, Landstrom M, Lundin E, Bergh A, Damber J-E, Aman P, Widmark A, Johansson A, Zhang J-X, Hallmans G. 2000. Phytoestrogens and prostate disease.
J. Nutr. 130:658S-659S.

Allred CD, Allred KF, Ju YH, Clausen LM, Doerge DR, Schantz SL, Korol DL, Wallig MA, Helferich WG. 2004. Dietary genistein results in larger MNU-induced, estrogen-dependent mammary tumors following ovariectomy of Sprague-Dawley rats.Carcinogenesis 25:211-218.

Allred CD, Allred KF, Ju YH, Goeppinger TS, Doerge DR, Helferich WG. 2004.  Soy processing influences growth of estrogen-dependent tumors.
Carcinogenesis 25:1649-1657.

Allred CD, Allred KF, Ju YH, Virant SM, Helferich WG. 2001. Soy diets containing varying amounts of genistein stimulate growth of estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) tumors in a dose-dependent manner.
Cancer Res 61:5045-5050.

Allred CD, Ju YH, Allred KF, Chang J,  Helferich WG. 2001. Dietary genistin stimulates growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer tumors similar to that observed with genistein.
Carcinogenesis 22:1667-1673.

Barnes S. 1995. Effect of genistein on in vitro and in vivo models of cancer.
J Nutr 125: 777S-783S.

Bises G, Bajna E, Manhardt T, Gerdenitsch W, Kallay E, Cross HS. 2007. Gender-specific modulation of markers for premalignancy by nutritional soy and calcium in mouse colon.
J Nutr 137:211S-215S.

Chau MN, El Touny LH, Jagadeesh S, Banerjee PP. 2007. Physiologically achievable concentrations of genistein enhance telomerase activity in prostate cancer cells via the activation of STAT3.
Carcinogenesis 28:2282-2290.

Chen J, Saggar JK, Corey P, Thompson LU. 2009. Flaxseed and pure secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, but not flaxseed hull, reduce human breast cancer growth (MCF-7) in athymic mice.
J Nutr 139:2061-2066.

Chiesa G, Rigamonti E, Lovati MR, Disconzi E, Soldati S, Sacco MG, Cato EM, Patton V, Scanziani E, Vezzoni P, Arnoldi A, Locati D, Sirtori CR. 2008. Reduced mammary tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model fed an isoflavone-poor soy protein concentrate.
Mol Nutr Food Res52:1121-1129.

Cho NL, Javid SH, Carothers AM, Redston M, Bertagnolli MM. 2007. Estrogen receptors α and β are inhibitory modifiers of Apc-dependent tumorigenesis in the proximal colon of Min/+ mice.
Cancer Res 67:2366-2372.

Cross HS, Kallay E, Lechner D, Gerdenitsch W, Adlercreutz H, Armbrecht HJ. 2004. Phytoestrogens and vitamin D metabolism: A new concept for the prevention and therapy of colorectal, prostate, and mammary carcinomas.
J Nutr 134:1207S-1212S.

Day JK, Bauer AM, DesBordes C, Zhuang Y, Kim BE, Newton LG, Nehra V, Forsee KM, MacDonald RS, Besch-Williford C, Huang TH, Lubahn DB. 2002. Genistein alters methylation patterns in mice.
J Nutr132:2419S-2423S.

Diel P, Smolnikar K, Schulz T, Laudenbach-Leschowski U, Michna H,  Vollmer G. 2001.Phytoestrogens and carcinogenesis-differential effects of genistein in experimental models of normal and malignant rat endometrium.
Hum Reprod 16:997-1006.

Dijsselbloem N, Berghe WV, Naeyer AD, Haegeman G. 2004. Soy isoflavone phyto-pharmaceuticals in interleukin-6 affections: Multi-purpose nutraceuticals at the crossroad of hormone replacement, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory therapy.
Biochem Pharmacol 68:1171-1185.

Gallo D, Zannoni GF, Stefano ID, Mosca M, Ferlina C, Mantuano E, Scambia Giovanni. 2008. Soy phytochemicals decrease nonsmall cell lung cancer growth in female athymic mice.
J Nutr 138:1360-1364.

Gilad LA, Tirosh O, Schwartz B. 2006. Phytoestrogens regulate transcription and translation of vitamin D receptor in colon cancer cells.
J Endocrinol 191: 387-398 .

Guo TL, Chi RP, Hernandez DM, Auttachoat W, Zheng JF. 2007. Decreased 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis coincides with the induction of antitumor immunities in adult female B6C3F1 mice pretreated with genistein.
Carcinogenesis 28:2560-2566.

Guo JM, Kang GZ, Xiao BX, Liu DH, Zhang S. 2004. Effect of daidzein on cell growth, cell cycle, and telomerase activity of human cervical cancer in vitro.
Int J Gynecol Cancer 14:882-888.

Guo JM, Xiao BX, Liu DH, Grant M, Zhang S, Lai YF, Guo YB, Liu Q. 2004. Biphasic effect of daidzein on cell growth of human colon cancer cells.
Food Chem Toxicol 42:1641-1646.

Guo JY, Li X, Browning JD, Jr., Rottinghaus GE, Lubahn DB, Constantinou A, Bennink M,  MacDonald RS. 2004. Dietary soy isoflavones and estrone protect ovariectomized ERalphaKO and wild-type mice from carcinogen-induced colon cancer.
J Nutr 134:179-182.

Guo TL, McCay JA, Zhang LX, Brown RD, You L, Karrow NA, Germolec DR, Jr., White KL, 2001. Genistein modulates immune responses and increases host resistance to B16F10 tumor in adult female B6C3F1 mice.
J Nutr 131: 3251-3258.

Handayani R, Rice L, Cui Y, Mendrano TA, Samedi VG, Baker HV, Szabo NJ, Shiverick KT. 2006. Soy isoflavones alter expression of genes associated with cancer progression, including interleukin-8, in androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.
J Nutr 136:75-82.

Hawrylewicz EJ, Zapata JJ, Blair WH. 1995. Soy and experimental cancer: animal studies.
J Nutr 125:698S-708S.

Hilakivi-Clarke L, Cho E, deAssis S, Olivo S, Ealley E, Bouker KB, Welch JN, Khan G, Clarke R, Cabanes A. 2001. Maternal and prepubertal diet, mammary development and breast cancer risk.
J Nutr131:154S-157S.

Hsieh CY, Santell RC, Haslam SZ, Helferich WG. 1998. Estrogenic effects of genistein on the growth of estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in vitro and in vivo.
Cancer Res58:3833-3838.

Imamura F, Shinkai K, Mukai M, Yoshioka, K, Komagome R, Iwasaki T,  Akedo H. 1996. rho-Mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lysophosphatidic-acid-induced tumor-cell invasion.
Int J Cancer 65:627-632.

Javid SH, Moran AE, Carothers AM, Redston M, Bertagnolli MN. 2005. Modulation of tumor formation and intestinal cell migration by estrogens in the Apc^Min/+ mouse model of colorectal cancer.
Carcinogenesis 26:587-595.

Jeng Y, Kochukov M, Nauduri D, Kaphalia B, Watson CS. 2010. Subchronic exposure to phytoestrogens alone and in combination with diethylstilbestrol-pituitary tumor induction in Fischer 344 rats.
Nutrition and Metabolism 7:40-53

Jiang X, Patterson NM, Ling Y, Xie J, Helferich WG, Shapiro DJ. 2008. Low concentrations of the soy phytoestrogen genistein induce proteinase inhibitor 9 and block killing of breast cancer cells by immune cells.
Endocrinology 149:5366-5373.

Ju YH, Doerge DR, Woodling KA, Hartman JA, Kwak J, Helferich WG . 2008. Dietary genistein negates the inhibitory effect of letrozole on the growth of aromatase-expressing estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7Ca) in vivo.
Carcinogenesis 29:2162-2168.

Ju YH, Fultz J, Allred KF, Doerge DR, Helferich WG. 2006. Effects of dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, at physiological concentrations on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice.
Carcinogenesis 27:856-863.

Ju YH, Doerge DR, Allred KF, Allred CD, Helferich WG. 2002. Dietary genistein negates the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells implanted in athymic mice.
Cancer Res 62:2474-2477.

Ju YH, Allred CD, Allred KF, Karko KL, Doerge DR, Helferich WG, 2001. Physiological concentrations of dietary genistein dose-dependently stimulate growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in athymic nude mice.
J Nutr 131:2957-2962.

Kijkuokool P, Parhar IS, Malaivijitnond S. 2006. Genistein enhances N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis.
Cancer Lett 242:53-59.

Kim HA, Jeong KS, Kim YK. 2008. Soy extract is more potent than genistein on tumor growth inhibition.
Anticancer Res 28:2837-2842.

Lamartiniere CA, Cotroneo MS, Fritz WA, Wang J, Mentor-Marcel R, Elgavish A . 2002. Genistein chemoprevention: timing and mechanisms of action in murine mammary and prostate.
J Nutr132:552S-558S.

Lamartiniere CA, Moore JB, Brown NM, Thompson R, Hardin MJ, Barnes S. 1995. Genistein suppresses mammary cancer in rats.
Carcinogenesis 16:2833-2840.

Lampe JW. 2010. Emerging research on equol and cancer.
J Nutr 140:1369S-1372S.

Li D, Yee JA, McGuire MH, Murphy PA, Yan L. 1999. Soybean isoflavones reduce experimental metastasis in mice.
J Nutr 129:1075-1078.

Liu B, Edgerton S, Xiaohe Y, Kim A, Ordonez-Ercan D, Mason T, Alvarez K, McKimmey C, Naxin L, and Thor A. 2005. Low-dose dietary phytoestrogen abrogates tamoxifen-associated mammary tumor prevention.
Cancer Research 65:879-886.

Lund TD, Munson DJ, Adlercreutz H, Handa RJ, Lephart ED. 2004. Androgen receptor expression in the rat prostate is down-regulated by dietary phytoestrogens.
Reprod Biol Endocrin 2:5

MacDonald RS, Guo J, Copeland J, Browning JD, Jr., Sleper D, Rottinghaus GE, Berhow MA. 2005. Environmental influences on isoflavones and saponins in soybeans and their role in colon cancer.
J Nutr135:1239-1242.

Magee PJ, Rowland IR. 2004. Phyto-oestrogens, their mechanism of action: current evidence for a role in breast and prostate cancer.
Brit J Nutr 91:513-531.

Mai Z, Blackburn GL, Zhou JR. 2007. Soy phytochemicals synergistically enhance the preventative effect of tamoxifen on the growth of estrogen-dependent human carcinoma in mice.
Carcinogenesis 28:1217-1223.

Manjanatha MG, Shelton S, Bishop ME, Lyn-Cook LE, Aidoo A. 2006. Dietary effects of soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in ovariectomized BIG BLUE® transgenic rats.
Carcinogenesis 27:2555-2564.

Martinez-Montemayor MM, Otero-Franqui E. 2010. Individual and combined soy isoflavones exert differential effects on metastatic cancer progression.
Clin Exp Metastasis 27:465-480.

Menon LG, Kuttan R, Nair MG, Chang YC Kuttan G.  1998. Effect of isoflavone genistein and daidzein in the inhibition of lung metastasis in mice induced by B16F-10 melanoma cells.
Nutr Cancer 30:74-77.

Mentor-Marcel R, Lamartiniere CA, Eltoum IE, Greenberg NM, Elgavish A. 2001. Genistein in the diet reduces the incidence of poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma in transgenic mice (TRAMP).
Cancer Res61:6777-6782.

Messina MJ, Wood CE. 2008. Soy isoflavones, estrogen therapy, and breast cancer risk: analysis and commentary.
Nutr J 7:17.

Moiseeva EP, Manson MM. 2009. Dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals:Too Little or Too Much?
Cancer Prev Res 2:611-616.

Pugazhendhi D, Watson KA, Mills S, Botting N, Pope GS, Darbre PD. 2008. Effect of sulphation on the oestrogen agonist activity of the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
Endocrinology 197:503-515.

Raju J, Bielecki A, Caldwell D, Lok E, Taylor M, Kapal K, Curran I, Cooke GM, Bird RP, Mehta R. 2008. Soy isoflavones modulate azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis exposed pre- and postnatally and inhibit growth of DLD-1 human adenocarcinoma cells by increasing the expression of estrogen receptor-β^1-3.
J Nutr 139:474-481.

Rohrdanz E, Ohler S, Tran-Thi, QH, Kahl R. 2002. The phytoestrogen daidzein affects the antioxidant enzyme system of rat hepatoma H4IIE cells.
J Nutr 132: 370-375.

Santell RC, Kieu N, Helferich WG. 2000. Genistein inhibits growth of estrogen-independent human breast cancer cells in culture but not in athymic mice.
J Nutr 130:1665-1669.

Thiagarajan DG, Bennink MR, Bourquin LD, Kavas FA. 1998. Prevention of precancerous colonic lesions in rats by soy flakes, soy flour, genistein, and calcium.
Am J Clin Nutr 68:1394S-1399S.

Thigpen JE, Locklear J, Haseman JK, Saunders H, Grant MF, Forsythe DB. 2001. Effects of the dietary phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein on the incidence of vulvar carcinomas in 129/J mice.
Cancer Detect Prev 25:527-532.

Touny LHE, Banerjee PP. 2009. Identification of a biphasic role for genistein in the regulation of prostate cancer growth and metastasis.
Cancer Res 69:3695-3703.

Verdeal K, Brown RR, Richardson T, Ryan DS. 1980. Affinity of phytoestrogens for estradiol-binding proteins and effect of coumestrol on growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors.
J Natl Cancer Inst 64:285-290.

Wang J, Eltoum IE, Carpenter M, Lamartiniere C. 2009.  Genistein mechanisms and timing of prostate cancer chemoprevention in Lobound-Wistar rats.
Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev 10:143-150.

Wang W, Higuchi, CM. 2000. Dietary soy protein is associated with reduced intestinal mucosal polyamine concentration in male Wistar rats.
J Nutr 130:1815-1820.

Yan L, Yee JA, McGuire MH, Graef GL. 1997. Effect of dietary supplementation of soybeans on experimental metastasis of melanoma cells in mice.
Nutrition and Cancer 29:1-6.

Zhou JR, Mukherjee P, Gugger ET, Tanaka T, Blackburn GL, Clinton SK . 1998. Inhibition of murine bladder tumorigenesis by soy isoflavones via alterations in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
Cancer Res58:5231-5238.

Zhou JR, Gugger ET, Tanaka T, Guo Y, Blackburn GL, Clinton SK. 1999. Soybean phytochemicals inhibit the growth of transplantable human prostate carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis in mice.
J Nutr 129:1628-1635.

Bu L, Lephart E. 2007. AVPV neurons containing estrogen receptor-beta in adult male rats are influenced by soy isoflavones.
BMC Neuroscience 8:13

Hartley DE, Edwards JE, Spiller CE, Alom N, Tucci S, Seth P, Forsling ML, File SE. 2003. The soya isoflavone content of rat diet can increase anxiety and stress hormone release in the male rat.
Psychopharmacology (Berl), 167:46-53.

Lephart ED, Setchell KD, Handa RJ, Lund TD. 2004. Behavioral effects of endocrine-disrupting substances: phytoestrogens.
ILAR J 45:443-454.

Lephart ED, West TW, Weber KS, Rhees RW, Setchell KD, Adlercreutz H, Lund TD. 2002. Neurobehavioral effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens.
Neurotoxicol Teratol 24:5-16.

Lephart ED, Thompson JM, Setchell KD, Adlercreutz H, Weber KS. 2000. Phytoestrogens decrease brain calcium-binding proteins but do not alter hypothalamic androgen metabolizing enzymes in adult male rats.
Brain Res 859:123-131.

Liu, LX, Chen WF, Xie JX, Wong MS. 2008. Neuroprotective effects of genistein on dopaminergic neurons in the mice model of Parkinson’s disease.
Neurosci Res 60:156-161.

Lund TD, Lephart ED. 2001. Dietary soy phytoestrogens produce anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze.
Brain Res 913:180-184.

Lund TD, Rhees RW, Setchell KD, Lephart ED. 2001. Altered sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) volume in adult Long-Evans rats by dietary soy phytoestrogens.
Brain Res 914:92-99.

Lyou S, Hirano E, Tujioka K, Mawatari Y, Hayase K, Okuyama S, Yokogoshi H. 2002. Dietary genistein affects brain protein synthesis rates in ovariectomized female rats.
J Nutr 132:2055-2058.

Moore TO, Karom M, O'Farrell L. 2004. The neurobehavioral effects of phytoestrogens in male Syrian hamsters.
Brain Res 1016:102-110.

Park JS, Woo MS, Kim DH, Hyun JW, Kim WK, Lee JC, Kim HS. 2007. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of isoflavone metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 320:1237-1245.

Patisaul HB. 2005. Phytoestrogen action in the adult and developing brain.
Neuroendocrinology 17:57-64.

Patisaul HB, Melby M, Whitten PL, Young LJ. 2002. Genistein affects ER beta- but not ER alpha-dependent gene expression in the hypothalamus.
Endocrinology 143:2189-2197.

Patisaul HB, Dindo M, Whitten PL, Young LJ. 2001. Soy isoflavone supplements antagonize reproductive behavior and estrogen receptor alpha- and beta-dependent gene expression in the brain.
Endocrinology 142:2946-2952.

Weber KS, Setchell KD, Lephart ED. 2001. Maternal and perinatal brain aromatase: effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens.
Brain Res Dev Brain Res 126:217-221.

Whitten PL, Lewis C, Russell E, Naftolin F. 1995. Phytoestrogen influences on the development of behavior and gonadotropin function.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 208: 82-86.

Whitten PL, Patisaul HB, Young LJ. 2002. Neurobehavioral actions of coumestrol and related isoflavonoids in rodents.
Neurotoxicol Teratol 24:47-54.

Dietary phytoestrogens, a source of research variation.

Phytoestrogens limit translation of preclinical results to clinical outcomes

Boettger-Tong H, Murthy L, Chiappetta C, Kirkland JL, Goodwin B, Adlercreutz H, Stancel, G.M. Makela S. 1998. A case of a laboratory animal feed with high estrogenic activity and its impact on in vivo responses to exogenously administered estrogens.
Environ Health Perspect 106:369-373.

Brown NM. Setchell KD. 2001. Animal models impacted by phytoestrogens in commercial chow: implications for pathways influenced by hormones.
Lab Invest 81:735-747.

Carter MW, Jr., Smart WW, Matrone G. 1953. Estimation of estrogenic activity of genistein obtained from soybean meal.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 84:506-508.

Chang HC, Churchwell MI, Delclos KB, Newbold RR, Doerge DR. 2000. Mass spectrometric determination of Genistein tissue distribution in diet-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats.
J Nutr 130:1963-1970.

Drane H, Patterson DS, Roberts BA, Saba N. 1975. Letter: The chance discovery of oestrogenic activity in laboratory rat cake.
Food Cosmet Toxicol 13:491-492.

Drane HM, Patterson DS, Roberts BA, Saba N. 1980. Oestrogenic activity of soya-bean products.
Food Cosmet Toxicol 18:425-427.

Genovese MI, Barbosa ACL, Pinta MDS, Lajolo FM. 2007. Commercial soy protein ingredients as isoflavone sources for functional foods.
Plant Food Hum Nutr 62:53-58.

Genovese MI, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM. 2005. Isoflavone profile and antioxidant activity of Brazilian soybean varieties.
Food Sci Tech Int 11:205-211.

Kao TH, Wu WM, Hung CF, Wu WB, Chen BH. 2007. Anti-inflammatory effects of isoflavone powder produced from soybean cake.
J Agr Food Chem 55:11068-11079.

Miksicek RJ. 1993. Commonly occurring plant flavonoids have estrogenic activity.
Mol Pharmacol 44:37-43.

Murphy PA, Farmakalidis E, Johnson LD. 1982. Isoflavone content of soya-based laboratory animal diets.
Food Chem Toxicol 20:315-317.

Murphy PA, Hendrich S. 2002. Phytoestrogens in foods.
Adv Food Nutr Res 44:195-246.

Murphy PA, Song T, Buseman G, Barua K, Beecher GR, Trainer D, Holden J. 1999. Isoflavones in retail and institutional soy foods.
J Agr Food Chem 47:2697-2704.

Pastuszewska B, Taciak M, Ochtabinska A, Tusnio A, Misztal T, Romanowicz K, Morawski A. 2008. Nutritional value and physiological effects of soya-free diets fed to rats during growth and reproduction.
J Anim Physiol An N 92:63-74.

Thigpen JE, Setchell KD, Padilla-Banks E, Haseman JK, Saunders HE, Caviness GF, Kissling GE, Grant MG, Forsythe DB. 2007. Variations in Phytoestrogen Content between Different Mill Dates of the Same Diet Produces Significant Differences in the Time of Vaginal Opening in CD-1 Mice and F344 Rats but Not in CD Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Environ Health Perspect 115:1717-1726.

Thigpen JE, Setchell KD, Ahlmark KB, Locklear J, Spahr T, Caviness GF, Goelz MF, Haseman JK, Newbold RR, Forsythe DB. 1999. Phytoestrogen content of purified, open- and closed-formula laboratory animal diets.
Lab Anim Sci 49:530-536.

Thigpen JE, Setchell KD, Goelz MF, Forsythe DB. 1999. The phytoestrogen content of rodent diets.
Environ Health Perspect 107:A182-A183.

Thigpen JE, Li LA, Richter CB, Lebetkin EH, Jameson CW. 1987. The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: I. A standardized method for conducting the mouse bioassay.
Lab Anim Sci 37:596-601.

Thigpen JE, Li LA, Richter CB, Lebetkin EH, Jameson CW. 1987. The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: II. Comparative estrogenic activity of purified, certified and standard open and closed formula rodent diets.
Lab Anim Sci 37:602-605.

Thigpen JE, Lebetkin EH, Dawes ML, Richter CB, Crawford D. 1987. The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: III. Stimulation of uterine weight by dextrose, sucrose and corn starch.
Lab Anim Sci 37:606-609.

Verdeal K, Ryan DS. 1979. Naturally-occuring estrogens in plant foodstuffs - a review.
J. Food Prot. 42:577-583.

Wang H, Murphy PA. 1994. Isoflavone Content in Commercial Soybean Foods.
J Agr Food Chem 42:1666-1673.

Ahmadlou, M., & Heimel, J. A. (2015). Preference for concentric orientations in the mouse superior colliculus. Nature Communications, 6, 6773. doi:10.1038/ncomms7773

Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Hughes, Jr. CL, Morgan TM, Burke GL. 1996. Soybean isoflavones improve cardiovascular risk factors without affecting the reproductive system of peripubertal Rhesus monkeys.
J Nutr 126:43-50.

Assinder S, Davis R, Fenwick M, Glover A. 2007. Adult-only exposure of male rats to a diet of high phytoestrogen content increases apoptosis of meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells.
Reproduction 133:11-19.

Bell MB. 2007. Effects of interactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals and diet on the mouse reproductive system.Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.

Braden AWH, McDonald IW. 1970. Disorders of grazing animals due to plant constituents. In
Australian Grasslands, Moore, RM. (ed) pp. 381-391. Australian National University Press: Canberra.

Branham WS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Hass BS, Blair RM, Fang H, Shi L, Tong W, Perkins RG, Sheehan DM. 2002. Phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens bind to the rat uterine estrogen receptor.
J Nutr 132:658-664.

Ahmadlou, M., & Heimel, J. A. (2015). Preference for concentric orientations in the mouse superior colliculus. Nature Communications, 6, 6773. doi:10.1038/ncomms7773

Burton JL, Wells M. 2002. The effect of phytoestrogens on the female genital tract.
J Clin Pathol, 55:401-407.

Carter MW, Jr., Smart W. Matrone G. 1953. Estimation of estrogenic activity of genistein obtained from soybean meal.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 84:506-508.

Cederroth CR, Serge N. 2011. Fetal programming of adult glucose homeostasis in mice. 2009
PLoS One 4:e7281.

Cline JM, Franke AA, Register TC, Golden DL, Adams MR. 2004. Effects of isoflavone aglycones on the reproductive tract of male and female mice.
Toxicol Pathol 32:91-99.

Delclos KB, Bucci TJ, Lomax LG, Latendresse JR, Warbritton A, Weis CC, Newbold RR. 2001. Effects of dietary genistein exposure during development on male and female CD (Sprague-Dawley) rats.
Reprod Toxicol 15: 647-663.

Dickerson SM, Gore AC. 2007. Estrogenic environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical effects on reproductive neuroendocrine function and dysfunction across the life cycle.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord 8:143-159.

Diel P, Schulz T, Smolnikar K, Strunck E, Vollmer G, Michna H. 2000. Ability of xeno- and phytoestrogens to modulate expression of estrogen-sensitive genes in rat uterus: estrogenicity profiles and uterotropic activity.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 73:1-10.

Drane HM, Hebert CN. Saba N. 1981. Effect of diet on oestrogen bio-assay in mice.
Food Cosmet Toxicol 19:93-96.

Drane HM, Wrathall AE, Patterson DS. Hebert CN. 1981. Possible oestrogenic effects of feeding soyameal to prepubertal gilts.
Br Vet J 137:283-288.

Farmakalidis E, Hathcock JN, Murphy PA. 1985. Oestrogenic potency of genistin and daidzin in mice.
Food Chem Toxicol 23:741-745.

Farmakalidis E, Murphy PA. 1984. Different oestrogenic responses of ICR, B6D2F1 and B6C3F1 mice given diethylstilboestrol orally.
Food Chem Toxicol 22:681-682.

Farmakalidis E, Murphy PA. 1984. Oestrogenic response of the CD-1 mouse to the soya-bean isoflavones genistein, genistin and daidzin.
Food Chem Toxicol 22:237-239.

Goyal HO, Robateau A, Braden TD, Williams CS, Srivastava KK, Ali K. 2003. Neonatal estrogen exposure of male rats alters reproductive functions at adulthood.
Biol Reprod 68:2081-2091.

Hilakivi-Clarke L, Cho E, Clarke R. 1998. Maternal genistein exposure mimics the effects of estrogen on mammary gland development in female mouse offspring.
Oncol Rep 5:609-616.

Hinsch KD, Aires V, Hagele W, Hinsch E. 2000. In vitro tests for essential sperm functions using the phyto-oestrogen genistein as a test substance.
Andrologia 32:225-231.

Jefferson WN, Padilla-Banks E, Newbold RR. 2005. Adverse effects on female development and reproduction in CD-1 mice following neonatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein at environmentally relevant doses.
Biol Reprod 73:798-806.

Jung EY, Lee BJ, Yun YW, Kang JK, Baek IJ, Min-Yon J, Lee YB, Sohn HS, Lee JY, Kim KS, Yu WJ, Do JC, Kim YC, Nam SY. 2004. Effects of exposure to genistein and estradiol on reproductive development in immature male mice weaned from dams adapted to a soy-based commercial diet.
J Vet Med Sci 66:1347-1354.

Kanno J, Onyon L, Peddada S, Ashby J, Jacob E, Owens W. 2003. The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay. Phase 2: coded single-dose studies.
Environ Health Perspect 111:1550-1558.

Kanno J, Onyon L, Peddada S, Ashby J, Jacob E, Owens W. 2003. The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay. Phase 2: dose-response studies.
Environ Health Perspect 111:1530-1549.

Kanno J, Kato H, Iwata T, Inoue T, 2002. Phytoestrogen-low diet for endocrine disruptor studies.
J Agric Food Chem 50:3883-3885

Kanno J, Onyon L, Haseman J, Fenner-Crisp P, Ashby J, Owens W. 2001. The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay to screen compounds for in vivo estrogenic responses: phase 1.
Environ Health Perspect 109:785-794.

Kouki T, Okamoto M, Wada S, Kishitake M, Yamanouchi K. 2005. Suppressive effect of neonatal treatment with phytoestrogen, coumestrol, on lordosis and estrous cycle in female rats.
Brain Res Bull 64:449-454.

Kyselova V, Peknicova J, Boubelik M, Buckiova D. 2004. Body and organ weight, sperm acrosomal status and reproduction after genistein and diethylstilbestrol treatment of CD1 mice in a multigenerational study.
Theriogenology 61:1307-1325.

Lamartiniere CA, Zhang JX, Cotroneo MS. 1998. Genistein studies in rats: potential for breast cancer prevention and reproductive and developmental toxicity.
Am J Clin Nutr 68:1400S-1405S.

Levy J R, Faberv K A, Ayyash L, Jr., Hughes CL. 1995. The effect of prenatal exposure to the phytoestrogen genistein on sexual differentiation in rats.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 208:60-66.

Lewis RW, Brooks N, Milburn GM, Soames A, Stone S, Hall M. Ashby J. 2003. The effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on the postnatal development of the rat.
Toxicol Sci 71:74-83.

Makela SI, Pylkkanen LH, Santti RS. Adlercreutz H. 1995. Dietary soybean may be antiestrogenic in male mice.
J Nutr 125:437-445.

Matrone G, Jr.,Smart WW, Carter MW, Smart VW. Garren HW. 1956. Effect of genistin on growth and development of the male mouse.
J Nutr 59:235-241.

Odum J, Tinwell H, Jones K, Van Miller JP, Joiner RL, Tobin G, Kawasaki H, Deghenghi R, Ashby J. 2001. Effect of rodent diets on the sexual development of the rat.
Toxicol Sci 61:115-127.

Owens W, Ashby J, Odum J, Onyon L. 2003. The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay. Phase 2: dietary phytoestrogen analyses.
Environ Health Perspect 111:1559-1567.

Pastuszewska B, Taciak M, Ochtabinska A, Tusnio A, Misztal T, Romanowicz K, Morawski A. 2008. Nutritional value and physiological effects of soya-free diets fed to rats during growth and reproduction.
J Anim Physiol An N 92:63-74.

Patisaul HB, Whitten PL. 2005. Dietary Phytoestrogens. In:
Endocrine Disruptors Effects on Male and Female Reproductive Systems. Edited by Rajesh K. Naz. Chapter 5 pg. 135-173 CRC Press 2005.

Patisaul HB, Dindo M, Whitten PL, Young LJ. 2001. Soy isoflavone supplements antagonize reproductive behavior and estrogen receptor alpha- and beta-dependent gene expression in the brain.
Endocrinology 142:2946-2952.

Perry DL, Spedick JM, McCoy TP, Adams MR, Franke AA, Cline JM. 2007. Dietary soy protein containing isoflavonoids does not adversely affect the reproductive tract of male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
J Nutr 137:1390-1394.

Picherit C, Dalle M, Neliat G, Lebecque P, Davicco MJ, Barlet JP. Coxam V. 2000. Genistein and daidzein modulate in vitro rat uterine contractile activity.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 75:201-208.

Pukazhenthi BS, Wildt DE, Ottinger MA. Howard J. 1998. Inhibition of domestic cat spermatozoa acrosome reaction and zona pellucida penetration by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Mol Reprod Dev 49:48-57.

Rozman KK, Bhatia J, Calafat AM, Chambers C, Culty M, Etzel RA, Flaws JA, Hansen DK, Hoyer PB, Jeffery EH, Kesner JS, Marty S, Thomas JA, Umbach D. 2006. NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of soy formula.
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 77:280-397.

Ruhlen RL, Howdeshell KL, Mao J, Taylor JA, Bronson FH, Newbold RR, Welshons WV, vom Saal FS. 2008. Low phytoestrogen levels in feed increase fetal serum estradiol resulting in the "fetal estrogenization syndrome" and obesity in CD-1 mice.
Environ Health Perspect 116:322-328.

Santell RC, Chang YC, Nair MG. Helferich WG. 1997. Dietary genistein exerts estrogenic effects upon the uterus, mammary gland and the hypothalamic/pituitary axis in rats.
J Nutr 127:263-269.

Thigpen JE, Setchell KD, Padilla-Banks E, Haseman JK, Saunders HE, Caviness GF, Kissling GE, Grant MG, Forsythe DB. 2007. Variations in Phytoestrogen Content between Different Mill Dates of the Same Diet Produces Significant Differences in the Time of Vaginal Opening in CD-1 Mice and F344 Rats but Not in CD Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Environ Health Perspect 115:1717-1726.

Thigpen JE, Setchell KD, Saunders HE, Haseman JK, Grant MG, Forsythe DB. 2004. Selecting the appropriate rodent diet for endocrine disruptor research and testing studies.
ILAR J 45:401-416.

Thigpen JE, Haseman JK, Saunders HE, Setchell KD, Grant MG, Forsythe DB. 2003. Dietary phytoestrogens accelerate the time of vaginal opening in immature CD-1 mice.
Comp Med 53:607-615.

Thigpen JE, Haseman JK, Saunders H, Locklear J, Caviness G, Grant M, Forsythe D. 2002. Dietary factors affecting uterine weights of immature CD-1 mice used in uterotrophic bioassays.
Cancer Detect Prev 26:381-393.

Tou JC, Chen J, Thompson LU. 1998. Flaxseed and its lignan precursor, secoisolariciresinol diglycoside, affect pregnancy outcome and reproductive development in rats.
J Nutr 128:1861-1868.

Weber KS, Setchell KD, Lephart ED. 2001. Maternal and perinatal brain aromatase: effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens.
Brain Res Dev Brain Res 126:217-221.

Weber KS, Setchell KD, Stocco DM, Lephart ED. 2001. Dietary soy-phytoestrogens decrease testosterone levels and prostate weight without altering LH, prostate 5alpha-reductase or testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory peptide levels in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.
J Endocrinol 170:591-599.

Whitten PL, Lewis C, Russell E, Naftolin F. 1995. Potential adverse effects of phytoestrogens.
J Nutr 125:771S-776S.

Whitten PL, Lewis C, Russell E, Naftolin F. 1995. Phytoestrogen influences on the development of behavior and gonadotropin function.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 208: 82-86.

Wisniewski AB, Cernetich A, Gearhart JP, Klein SL. 2005. Perinatal exposure to genistein alters reproductive development and aggressive behavior in male mice.
Physiol Behav 84:327-334.

Wisniewski AB, Klein, SL, Lakshmanan Y, Gearhart JP. 2003. Exposure to genistein during gestation and lactation demasculinizes the reproductive system in rats.
J Urol 169:1582-1586.

Boettger-Tong H, Murthy L, Chiappetta C, Kirkland JL, Goodwin B, Adlercreutz H, Stancel GM, Makela S. 1998. A case of a laboratory animal feed with high estrogenic activity and its impact on in vivo responses to exogenously administered estrogens.
Environ Health Perspect 106:369-373.

Kanno J, Onyon L, Peddada S, Ashby J, Jacob E, Owens W. 2003. The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay. Phase 2: coded single-dose studies.
Environ Health Perspect 111:1550-1558.

Kanno J, Onyon L, Peddada S, Ashby J, Jacob E, Owens W. 2003. The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay. Phase 2: dose-response studies.Environ Health Perspect 111:1530-1549.

Kanno J, Kato H, Iwata T, Inoue T, 2002. Phytoestrogen-low diet for endocrine disruptor studies.
J Agric Food Chem 50:3883-3885

Kanno J, Onyon L, Haseman J, Fenner-Crisp P, Ashby J, Owens W. 2001. The OECD program to validate the rat uterotrophic bioassay to screen compounds for in vivo estrogenic responses: phase 1.
Environ Health Perspect 109:785-794.

Odum J, Tinwell H, Tobin G, Ashby J. 2004. Cumulative dietary energy intake determines the onset of puberty in female rats.
Environ Health Perspect 112:1472-1480.

Thigpen JE, Setchell KD, Saunders HE, Haseman JK, Grant MG, Forsythe DB. 2004. Selecting the appropriate rodent diet for endocrine disruptor research and testing studies.
ILAR J 45:401-416.

Thigpen JE, Haseman JK, Saunders H, Locklear J, Caviness G, Grant M, Forsythe D. 2002. Dietary factors affecting uterine weights of immature CD-1 mice used in uterotrophic bioassays.
Cancer Detect Prev 26:381-393.

Thigpen JE, Li LA, Richter CB, Lebetkin EH, Jameson CW. 1987. The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: I. A standardized method for conducting the mouse bioassay.
Lab Anim Sci 37:596-601.

Thigpen JE, Li LA, Richter CB, Lebetkin EH, Jameson CW. 1987. The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: II. Comparative estrogenic activity of purified, certified and standard open and closed formula rodent diets.
Lab Anim Sci 37:602-605.

Thigpen JE, Lebetkin EH, Dawes ML, Richter CB, Crawford D. 1987. The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: III. Stimulation of uterine weight by dextrose, sucrose and corn starch.
Lab Anim Sci 37:606-609.

Chau MN, Touny LH, Jagadeesh S, Banerjee PP. 2007. Physiologically achievable concentrations of genistein enhance telomerase activity in prostate cancer cells via activation of STAT3.
Carcinogenesis 28:2282-2290.

Chalubinski M, Kowalski ML. 2006. Endocrine disrupters-potential modulators of the immune system and allergic response.
Allergy 61:1326-1335.

Cooke PS, Selvaraj V, Yellayi S. 2006. Genistein, estrogen receptors, and the acquired immune response.
J Nutr 136:704-708.

Curran EM, Judy BM, Newton LG, Lubahn DB. Rottinghaus GE, Macdonald RS, Franklin C, Estes DM. 2004. Dietary soy phytoestrogens and ERα signaling modulate interferon gamma production in response to bacterial infection.
Clin Exp Immunol 135:219-225.

Dia VP, Berhow MA, De Mejia EG. 2008. Bowman-Birk inhibitor and genistein among soy compounds that synergistically inhibit nitric oxide and prostaglandin E₂ pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages.
J Agric Food Chem. 56:11707-11717.

Dijsselbloem N, Berghe WV, Naeyer AD, Haegeman G. 2004. Soy isoflavone phyto-pharmaceuticals in interleukin-6 affections: Multi-purpose nutraceuticals at the crossroad of hormone replacement, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory therapy.
Biochem Pharmacol 68:1171-1185.

Fajardo I, Diez E, Rodriguez-Nieto S, Rodriguez-Caso C, Quesada AR, Sanchez-Jimenez F, Medina MA. 2000. Effects of genistein and 2-methoxyestradiol on matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors secreted by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
Anticancer Res 20:1691-1694.

Guo TL, Chi RP, Zhang XL, Musgrove DL, Weis C, Germolec DR, White KL, Jr. 2006. Modulation of immune response following dietary genistein exposure in F0 and F1 generations of C57BL/6 mice: evidence of thymic regulation.
Food Chem Toxicol 44:316-325.

Guo TL, Jr., White KL, Brown, RD, Delclos, KB, Newbold RR, Weis C, Germolec, DR, McCay JA. 2002. Genistein modulates splenic natural killer cell activity, antibody-forming cell response, and phenotypic marker expression in F(0) and F(1) generations of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 181:219-227.

Guo TL, McCay JA, Zhang LX, Brown RD, You L, Karrow NA, Germolec DR, Jr., White KL, 2001. Genistein modulates immune responses and increases host resistance to B16F10 tumor in adult female B6C3F1 mice.
J Nutr 131: 3251-3258.

Imamura F, Mukai M, Ayaki M, Takemura K, Horai, T, Shinkai K, Nakamura H, Akedo H. 1999. Involvement of small GTPases Rho and Rac in the invasion of rat ascites hepatoma cells.
Clin Exp Metastasis 17:141-148.

Imamura F, Shinkai K, Mukai M, Yoshioka, K, Komagome R, Iwasaki T, Akedo H. 1996. rho-Mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lysophosphatidic-acid-induced tumor-cell invasion.
Int J Cancer 65:627-632.

Kao TH, Wu WM, Hung CF, Wu WB, Chen BH. 2007. Anti-inflammatory effects of isoflavone powder produced from soybean cake.
J Agr Food Chem 55:11068-11079.

Klein SL, Wisniewski AB, Marson AL, Glass GE, Gearhart JP. 2002. Early exposure to genistein exerts long-lasting effects on the endocrine and immune systems in rats.
Mol Med 8:742-749.

Yellayi S, Naaz A, Szewczykowski MA, Sato T, Woods JA, Chang J, Segre M, Allred CD, Helferich WG, Cooke PS. 2002. The phytoestrogen genistein induces thymic and immune changes: a human health concern?
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:7616-7621.

Yellayi S, Zakroczymski MA, Selvaraj V, Valli VE, Ghanta V, Helferich WG, Cooke PS. 2003. The phytoestrogen genistein suppresses cell-mediated immunity in mice.
J Endocrinol 176: 267-274.

Ali AA, Velasquez MT, Hansen CT, Mohamed AI, Bhathena SJ. 2004. Effects of soybean isoflavones, probiotics, and their interactions on lipid metabolism and endocrine system in an animal model of obesity and diabetes.
J Nutr Biochem 15:583-590.

Ascencio C, Torres N, Isoard-Acosta F, Gomez-Perez FJ, Hernandez-Pando R, Tovar AR. 2004. Soy protein affects serum insulin and hepatic SREBP-1 mRNA and reduces fatty liver in rats.
J Nutr 134:522-529.

Bryzgalova G, Lundholm L, Portwood N, Gustafsson J-A, Khan A, Efendic S, Dahlman-Wright K. Mechanisms of antidiabetogenic and body weight-lowering effects of estrogen in high-fat diet-fed mice. 2008.
Endocrinol Metab 295:E904-E912.

Bu L, Lephart ED. 2006. Regulatory behavior and skin temperature in mid-aged male rats on three different isoflavone-containing diets.
J Med Food 9:567-571.

Bu L, Setchell KD, Lephart ED. 2005. Influences of dietary soy isoflavones on metabolism but not nociception and stress hormone responses in ovariectomized female rats.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol 3:58.

Cederroth CR, Serge N. 2011. Fetal programming of adult glucose homeostasis in mice. 2009
PLoS One 4:e7281.

Cederroth CR, Vinciguerra M, Gjinovci A, Kuhne F, Klein M, Cederroth M, Caille D, Suter M, Neumann D, James RW, Doerge DR, Wallimann T, Meda P, Foti M, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Vassalli JD, Nef S. 2008. Dietary phytoestrogens activate AMP-activated protein kinase with improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism.
Diabetes 57:1176-1185.

Cederroth CR, Vinciguerra M, Kuhne F, Madani R, Doerge DR, Visser TJ, Foti M, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Vassalli JD, Nef S. 2007. A phytoestrogen-rich diet increases energy expenditure and decreases adiposity in mice.
Environ Health Perspect 115:1467-1473.

Cooke PS, Naaz A. 2004. Role of estrogens in adipocyte development and function.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 229:1127-1135.

Lephart ED, Porter JP, Lund TD, Bu L, Setchell KD, Ramoz G, Crowley WR. 2004. Dietary isoflavones alter regulatory behaviors, metabolic hormones and neuroendocrine function in Long-Evans male rats.
Nutr Metab (Lond) 1:16.

Liu D, Zhen W, Yang Z, Carter JD, Si H, Reynolds KA. 2006. Genistein acutely stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway.
Diabetes 55:1043-1050.

Naaz A, Yellayi S, Zakroczymski MA, Bunick D, Doerge DR, Lubahn DB, Helferich WG, Cooke PS. 2003. The soy isoflavone genistein decreases adipose deposition in mice.
Endocrinology 144:3315-3320.

Noriega-Lopez L, Tovar AR, Gonzalez-Granillo M, Hernandez-Pando R, Escalante B, Santillan-Doherty P, Torres N. 2007. Pancreatic insulin secretion in rats fed a soy protein high fat diet depends on the interaction between the amino acid pattern and isoflavones.
J Biol Chem 282:20657-20666.

Orgaard A, Jensen L. 2008. The effects of soy isoflavones on obesity.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 233:1066-1080.

Ronis MJ, Chen Y, Badeaux J, Badger TM. 2009. Dietary soy protein isolate attenuates metabolic syndrome in rats via effects on PPAR, LXR, and SREBP signaling.
J Nutr 139:1431-1438.

Ruhlen RL, Howdeshell KL, Mao J, Taylor JA, Bronson FH, Newbold RR, Welshons WV, vom Saal FS. 2008. Low phytoestrogen levels in feed increase fetal serum estradiol resulting in the "fetal estrogenization syndrome" and obesity in CD-1 mice.
Environ Health Perspect 116:322-328.

Schuler AM, Barnes S, Gower BA, Wood PA. 2004. Dietary phytoestrogens increase metabolic resistance (cold tolerance) in long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient mice.
J Nutr 134:1028-1031.

Torre-Villalvazo I, Tovar AR, Ramos-Barragan VE, Cerbon-Cervantes MA, Torres N. 2008. Soy protein ameliorates metabolic abnormalities in liver and adipose tissue of rats fed a high fat diet.
J Nutr 138:462-468.

Dang Z-C, Audinot V, Papapoulos SE, Boutin JA. 2003. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a molecular target for the soy phytoestrogen genistein.
J Biol Chem 278:962-967.

Gu L, House SE, Prior RL, Fang N, Ronis MJ, Clarkson TB, Wilson ME, Badger TM. 2006. Metabolic phenotype of isoflavones differ among female rats, pigs, monkeys, and women.
J Nutr 136:1215-1221.

Klump SP, Allred MC, MacDonald JL, Ballam JM. 2001. Determination of isoflavones in soy and selected foods containing soy by extraction, saponification, and liquid chromatography: collaborative study.
J AOAC Int 84:1865-1883.

Penttinen-Damdimopoulou PE, Power KA, Hurmerinta TT, Nurmi T, van der Saag PT, Makela SI. 2009. Dietary sources of lignans and isoflavones modulate responses to estradiol in estrogen reporter mice.
Mol Nutr Food Res 53:996-1006.

Penttinen P, Jaehrling J, Damdimopoulos AE, Inzunza J, Lemmen JG, van der Saag P, Pettersson K, Gauglitz G, Makela S, Pongratz I. 2007. Diet-derived polyphenol metabolite enterolactone is a tissue-specific estrogen receptor activator.
Endocrinology 148:4875-4886.

Setchell KD, Clerici C, Lephart ED, Cole SJ, Heenan C, Castellani D, Wolfe BE, Nechemias-Zimmer L, Brown NM, Lund TD, Handa RJ, Heubi JE. 2005. S-equol, a potent ligand for estrogen receptor beta, is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the soy isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial flora.
Am J Clin Nutr 81:1072-1079.

Setchell KD, Brown NM, Lydeking-Olsen E. 2002. The clinical importance of the metabolite equol-a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones.
J Nutr 132:3577-3584.