Inotiv can fragment your antibodies to produce Fab and F(ab)2 fragmentation to your desired specifications. The fragments are then purified by protein A and/or cation exchange chromatography. We also offer antibody and antigen conjugation services. Conjugation services available include:

• FITC
• Biotin
• HRP
• R.PE
• KLH
• Sulfo-SMCC.

1) Biotin
Biotin is the conjugate of choice if the antibody is going to be used in a variety of applications. Biotin is a small molecule that has little effect on an antibody’s immunoreactivity. Its small size makes biotin an excellent tag for your antibody in most techniques. Biotin binds tightly to avidin or streptavidin, which are available enzyme conjugated, making your biotinylated antibody useful in most immunological procedures. The disadvantage of a biotinylated antibody over an enzyme or fluorescent conjugated antibody is that the biotinylated antibody involves an additional step in your assay.

2) HRP and alkaline phosphatase
Enzyme conjugates give a highly selective and sensitive immuno-reagent. By directly labelling your primary antibody, you eliminate steps and washes. Horseradish peroxidase is a stable enzyme suitable for ELISA, Western Blot and immunocytochemistry. HRP has low endogenous activity and a high turnover rate, producing its colored-end product in a short amount of time. Alkaline phosphatase is often used when high background is experienced with HRP interacting with endogenous peroxidases. Alkaline phosphatase allows linear reaction rates improving sensitivity by reacting over longer time periods.

3) Fluorescent markers
Fluorescent probes are used in multiple probe assays, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.

NOTE: A minimum quantity of two mgs of antibody is required for all conjugations.